LAWN MOWER AND ITS DETAILS

THE SHARP BLADES OF A LAWNMOWER-whether driven by electrical, petrol, or human power- shave grass close to the ground. The petrol - powered  type shown here has a small engine that is electrically ignited by a battery and spark plug. This engine rotates a horizontal blade at the base of the lawnmower that slices the grass against a fixed blade . A grass bag at the back of the machine collects the cuttings. As the engine rotates the blades, it also turns the rear wheels, moving the lawnmower forward. Gears ensure that the horizontal blade spins  faster than the wheels so that all of the grass is cut neatly before the lawnmower moves on.

THE MOON

THE MOON IS THE EARTH'S only natural satellite. It is relatively large for a moon , with a diameter of about 3,470 kilometre s-just over a quarter that of the Earth. the moon takes the same time to rotate on its axis as it takes to orbit the Earth (27.3 days) and so the same side (the near side) always face us. However the amount of the surface we can see - the phase of the moon-depends on how much of the near is in sunlight. The moon is dry and barren , with no atmosphere and water. But now scientist tells that they found the presence of water in the moon. It consist of mainly of solid rock, although its core may contain molten rock or iron. The surface is dusty, with highlands covered in craters caused by meteorite impacts, and lowlands i which large craters have been filed by solidified lava to form dark area called maria or "seas" . Maria occur mainly on the near side, which has a thinner crust than the far side. Many of the craters are rimmed by mountain ranges that form the crater walls and can be thousands of metres high. 

ATOMS AND MOLECULES.

Atoms are the smallest individual parts of an element. They are tiny,with diameter in the order of one ten -thousand -millionth of a metre. Two ore more atoms join together (bond) to form a molecule of a substance known as  a compound. For example when atoms of elements hydrogen and fluorine join together they form a molecule of the compound hydrogen fluoride.  So molecules are the smallest individual parts of a compound .Atoms  themselves are not individual they posses an internal structure. At their center is a dense nucleus, consisting of protons , which have a positive electric charge, and neutrons which are uncharged. Around the nucleus are the negatively charged electrons.It is the electron that  give a substance most of its physical and chemical properties. They do not follow definite paths around the nucleus. Instead, electrons are said to be found within certain regions, called orbitals. These are arranged around the nucleus in 'shells' , each containing electrons  of a particular energy. For example , the first shell (1) can hold up to two electrons, in so called s-orbital.(1s). The second shell(2) can hold up to eight electrons in s orbitals (2s) and p orbitals (2p). If an atom loses an electron , it becomes a positive ion (cation). If an electron is gained, an atom becomes a negative ion (anion). Ions of  positive charges will attract and join together , in a type of bonding known as ionic bonding. In covalent bonding, the atoms bond by sharing their electrons in what becomes molecular orbitals.

WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS EFFECTS. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT.

Climate change

What is GLOBAL WARMING..?

Green house gases trap some of the sun's energy within our atmosphere and increase the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere.This is called the green house effect.

1. Solar energy passes through the atmosphere, is absorbed by the Earth's surface, and warms it up.

    2.   Green house gases absorb some of the reflected heat energy.           Without them the Earth's average temperature would be                  around -18 degree Celsius.

     3.    Human actions gradually increase concentration of green               house gases in the atmosphere and lead to  global warming.  

• Agriculture is a huge source of methane and nitrous oxide, and responsible for 15% of world wide green house gas emission.
• climate -friendly agriculture management (organic farming) could reduce emissions significantly

•    One quarter of all man made co2 emissions is transportation related.
• 750 million cars world wide emit a total of approx. 2.25 billion tons of co2  each year.

• Industrial production is responsible for more than half of all co2 emissions.
• Largest quantities of co2 emitted by energy producers and energy -intensive industries.
• New filtration technologies could reduce co2 emissions by 30 to 50%.

• A quarter of co2 emissions world wide result from deforestation. 
• Net forest loss since 2000:7.3 mill.hectares per year(roughly the size of panama)
• Improvement measures : afforestation, reforestation, avoided deforestation.

  

The following effects emerge.

  4.     The accelerated warming process has a number of   dangerous impacts (see below)

      

• Since early 1960's, mountain glaciers around the  world have experienced an estimated net loss of over 4,000 cubic kilometers of water; this loss was more than twice as fast during the 1990's as in the previous decades.
• Projection : 4 degree Celsius rise in the global temperatures would cause nearly all of the world's glaciers melt , resulting in rising sea levels.

• Globally , the annual number of  strong storms doubled from around 8 (early 1970's ) to 18 (2000-2004).
• Hurricane Katrina in 2005 was the sixth largest hurricane on record, and cause over 60 billion US dollars in damage.
• The magnitude and damages caused by by the 27 tropical storms in the Atlantic during 2005 were the  highest yet recorded.

• 2 bill. people in 110 countries are affected and threatened by accelerating desertification.
• The UN projects that 30% of the world's fertile land surface will turn into desert in the future.
• Example : in Niger , 250,000 hectares , an area about the size of Luxembourg, becomes desert each year. 

WATER IS PRECIOUS DON'T WASTE IT. WATER IS LIFE.

WATER IS PRECIOUS DON'T WASTE IT.

WATER IS LIFE.

Biologists tell us that the first living organisms in the planet's oceans. The ancient Babylonians believed that before heaven and earth  existed, the universe was made of two oceans- one sweet and one salty -Whose waters mingled together. Jews,Christians, and Muslims believe that before light was created the "spirit of god moved over the face of the waters"

What all these stories tells us is that life arose from water.

We spend the first nine months of our development enveloped in water, and when a baby is born, its body is 78% water. Even as adults , our bodies are made up more of water than anything else.

Water , obviously, is crucial to our survival. While human beings can live more than a month without food, three days to a week is the longest we can survive  without water.

Given the importance of water to our survival and wellbeing, it would seem that access to water would be universally accepted as a basic human right.

and yet......

• 1.1 billion people world wide do not have access to safe drinking water.
• 2.2 million people die world wide each year due to lack of clean water. More than 90 % of those are children under under age 5.
• 250 million people world wide contract diseases such as  cholera and dysentery from drinking contaminated water  each year . of those 10 million die annually.
• more than 2,100 cancer causing chemicals have been found in municipal water supplies in the United states.

FREE WATER IS MORE THAN A NICE IDEA . IT'S A FUNDAMENTAL  HUMAN RIGHT !

CRIBS MADE IN ST.JOSEPH'S CHURCH MARAMKODE FOR CHRISTMAS OF THE YEAR 2013

The above pictures view the beautiful cribs made in ST.JOSEPH 'S CHURCH MARAMKODE for CHRISTMAS in the year 2013 .These are the cribs that participate in crib competition that conducted in our church St.Joseph's church Maramkode as a part of Christmas celebration. The cribs are very beautiful.The work hard to make such a beautiful crib.

Photos of stars participated in star competition in our church .




                                  M E R R Y   C H R I S T M A S

THE BEAUTIFUL CRIB MADE IN MY HOUSE FOR CHRISTMAS 2013

     

These photos view the beautiful crib made in my house for CHRISTMAS of year 2013 December.

       M E  R R Y   C H R I S T M A S