SHAPE OF S-ORBITALS : The probability of finding the electron belonging to s-orbital is found to be equal in all directions at a particular distance from the nucleus . In other words, s-orbitals are non-directional and spherically symmetrical in shape. As the value of n increases, the size s-orbital increases.
Example, 2s orbital is larger than the 1s orbital.
Charge cloud pictures of 1s orbital |
Charge cloud pictures of 2s orbital |
SHAPE OF P-ORBITALS: For p-orbitals there are three possible orientations of electron cloud. These three orientations or orbitals of a p-subshell are designated as px,py and pz depending upon the axis along which they orient. p-orbitals are dumb-bell shaped.
SHAPE OF D-ORBITALS: For d-orbitals there are five possible orientations of the electron cloud. These orientations or orbitals are designated as dxy,dyx,dx2-y2 and dz2. The shapes of five 3d-orbitals (boundary surface diagrams) are shown.
The 3d orbitals |
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