CALLIGRAPHY IS BEAUTIFULLY FORMED LETTERING. The term applies to written text and illumination ( the decoration of manuscripts using gold leaf and colour). The essential materials needed to practice calligraphy are a writing tool, ink and a writing surface. Quills are among the oldest writing tools. They are usually made from goose or turkey feathers and are noted for their flexibility and ability to produce fine lines. A quill point, how ever is not very durable and constant re cutting and trimming is required. The most commonly used writing instrument in western calligraphy is a detachable, metal nib held in a pen holder. The metal nib is very durable, and there are wide range of different types. Particular types of nibs- such as copper plate, speed ball and round hand nibs-are used for specific styles of lettering. Some nib has internal ink reservoirs and others have reservoirs that are detachable. Brushes are also used for writing and for filling in outlined letters and painting decoration. Other writing tools used in calligraphy are fountain pens, felt-tip pens, rot ring pens and reed pens. Calligraphy inks may come in liquid form, or as a solid ink stick. Ink sticks are ground down in distilled water to form a liquid ink. The most common writing surface for calligraph are good quality, smooth surfaced papers. To achieve the best writing position, the calligrapher places the paper on a drawing board set at an angle.
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