Sunday 19 January 2014

SHAPE OF S-ORBITALS, SHAPE OF P-ORBITALS, SHAPE OF D-ORBITALS



SHAPE OF S-ORBITALS : The probability  of finding the electron belonging to s-orbital is found  to be equal in all directions at a particular distance from the nucleus . In other words, s-orbitals are non-directional and spherically symmetrical in shape. As the value of n increases, the size s-orbital increases. 
Example, 2s orbital is larger than the 1s orbital.


Charge cloud pictures of 1s orbital
Charge cloud pictures of 1s orbital
Charge cloud pictures of 2s orbital
Charge cloud pictures of 2s orbital












 SHAPE OF P-ORBITALS: For p-orbitals there are three possible orientations of electron cloud. These three orientations or orbitals of a p-subshell are designated as px,py and pz depending upon the axis along which they orient. p-orbitals are dumb-bell shaped.

















SHAPE OF D-ORBITALS:  For d-orbitals there are five possible orientations of the electron cloud. These orientations or orbitals are designated as dxy,dyx,dx2-y2 and dz2. The shapes of five 3d-orbitals (boundary surface diagrams) are shown.


The 3d orbitals
The 3d orbitals



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