The existence of positively charged particle in an atom was shown by GOLDSTEIN in 1886. He repeated the discharge tube experiments by using a perforated cathode. On applying a high voltage at low pressure, Goldstein observed a new type of rays emerging from the holes in the cathode. These rays traveled in a direction opposite to that of the cathode rays. These rays were called ANODE RAYS, CANAL RAYS or POSITIVE RAYS.
The charge to mass ratio (e/m) of the particles in the anode rays was found to depend upon the nature of the gas in the discharge tube. The e/m value was found to be maximum when hydrogen gas was taken in the discharge tube. This means that the positive particles formed hydrogen are the lightest. These lightest positively charges particles were named PROTONS.
The charge on this particle has been found to be equal in magnitude but opposite in sign of that of electron,
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